why was france a threat to elizabeth in 1558

When Elizabeth I came to the throne in 1558, she inherited a difficult financial situation and a debt of 227,000. This established a new Anglo-Scottish peace and also reconfirmed the agreement at Cateau-Cambresis. English canons could also be reloaded more quickly than the Spanish ones allowing them to inflict greater damage. Time line for foreign policy 1559- 1571. The victory over the Spanish was not just a military success for England, but it also helped to strengthen Elizabeths rule over the country. The most important reason however was a combination of Marys arrival and the Popes interference. The imprisonment owed to her likely involvement in the murder of her second husband, Lord Darnley. Protestants (notably John Knox) initially claimed female rule was unnatural or monstrous, while Roman Catholics judged . She pledged to finance an army of 7,400 English troops and placed Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester, in charge of them. The harsh weather conditions made it impossible for the Spanish fleet to return to the Channel after the battle of Gravelines. He chose to sail around Scotland and Ireland which presented a dangerous route which the Spanish sailors were unfamiliar with. Guy states that Northumberland's success in foreign policy was due to ending Somerset's wars . Elizabeth I - reigned from 1558-1603 Elizabeth I's first rebellion to deal with was the Shane O'Neill Rebellion, which occurred in Ireland and lasted from 1558-1567. West Yorkshire, No Payment details required and completelyRisk Free. When Mary, Queen of Scots arrived in England in 1568, replacing Elizabeth with Mary became a realistic possibility. Queen Elizabeth showed no mercy to the rebels and the Earl of Northumberland along with 400 rebel troops were executed while the Earl of Westmorland fled abroad. The plots to overthrow Elizabeth failed for a number of reasons such as: Elizabeth was actually popular which meant those conspiring to overthrow her lacked public support. This meant two of the most powerful European nations were now united against Protestantism, placing Elizabeth in a precarious position. From 1574, with the help of the Pope, Catholic priests were also being smuggled into England to continue the spread of the Catholic faith. Parents: Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn. This caused panic among the Spanish sailors, who cut their anchor cables and broke their defensive formation as they headed for the open sea. There were fewer naval ships anchored there and the port was the centre for a large number of naval supplies which Drake intended to either seize or destroy. Another being the English sympathy to the protestant rebels on the Netherlands. He then banned English trade with the Netherlands for a period of time which damaged Englands economy and caused much hardship for the English people. Use your outline The execution of Mary, Queen of Scots eventually took place on 8th February 1587. 2002-2023 Tutor2u Limited. 1560 - death of francis II, Mary returns to scotland as queen. Throughout her reign, Elizabeth was engaged in expensive financial issues, especially foreign policy. In the eyes of the Spanish, Drake was a pirate however in the eyes of the English and Elizabeth, he was a patriot. Describe two features of Elizabeth's religious settlement 1559 5. Henry believed that Elizabeth wanted France to go to war with Spain while England looked on and would benefit from the probable weakening of both. Boston House, After his successful raid on Cadiz, Drake sailed along the coast of Portugal and Spain, seizing Spanish ships and destroying supplies that were being sent to Lisbon for the Armada. Answer:Despite initially being a threat to England, civil war in France from 1562 meant the French monarchs were too preoccupied with home affairs to pose a thr eye27 eye27 11.05.2020 Register for free, Home / Elizabeth wasnt able to publically acknowledge his achievements and when the Spanish Armada attempted to invade England in 1588, he was the vice-admiral in command of the English fleet that helped successfully defend the attack. As the closest person to God in the eyes of the Catholics, obeying the Pope was of paramount importance and this meant Elizabeth had to be suspicious of other Catholic threats at home. Elizabeth had given financial help to the rebels, however, remained reluctant to provoke King Phillip by getting directly involved. The Northern Earls were unhappy and rebelled for several reasons: The Revolt of the Northern Earls was arguably the most serious rebellion during Elizabeths reign and presented a threat for a number of reasons: During the 1570s and 1580s, there were several plots by Catholics to assassinate Queen Elizabeth and replace her with Mary, Queen of Scots. Sir Francis Drake and the raid on Cadiz: `Singeing the King of Spains beard. Describe two features of the Puritan challenge 6. [This is a confident answer because it selects two reasons and links them together, showing a clear conceptual focus as well as wide-ranging knowledge]. Therefore, Henry created the Church of England, a protestant church, which allowed for divorce. Ridolfis plan was to make Mary queen by first assassinating Elizabeth and then marrying Mary to the Duke of Norfolk. In January 1558, the french conquered Calais, England's last remaining territory on the European mainland. The conspirators including Babington were all. Here is an example answer to the following 16-mark question on the problem posed to Elizabeth I upon her accession arising from the question of legitimacy. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - introduction. Sir Francis Drake was a leading privateer and responsible for leading several expeditions into the New World in the late 1560s and 1570s. West Yorkshire, 1558 -french threat. The Armada sailed up the Channel in a defensive crescent formation which used the large armed galleons to protect the weaker supply ships and infantry ships. Tel: +44 0844 800 0085. Boston Spa, The Armadas journey back to Spain was a disaster. Marys permanent presence in England meant that she was a rallying point for many Catholics, who believed she had a stronger claim to the English throne than Elizabeth. The aim was to rid France of heresy (Protestantism). The Ridolfi Plot of 1571 and later the Throckmorton and Babington Plots, of 1583 and 1586 respectively, all involved the aim of placing Mary on the throne. 1559 - cateau cambresis, menacing position of french in scotland. These problems included Gender, Religion, Finance and Foreign policy. The English were worried about the threat of invasion and they attacked the Spanish ships as they sailed along the Channel, but the Armada was so strong that most of the ships reached Calais safely. Legitimacy of succession: The Pope did not recognise Henry VIII's marriage to Anne. Died: 24 March 1603. The consent submitted will only be used for data processing originating from this website. He was a protestant and head of his country; however England viewed Sweden as a mediocre power and not a nation to be linked with in marriage. 214 High Street, Why was the Catholic threat greater by the 1580s? . In 1558, England and Spain were still allies against France, but King Philip of Spain (who had been married to Mary) hated Protestantism with a passion. The reasons for, and significance of, Mary Queen of Scots execution in 1587. Elizabeths legitimacy was one of many problems that Elizabeth faced when she became Queen in 1558. W ith the first female vice president taking office in the US, and female leaders around the world excelling despite a global crisis, it's hard to imagine why women have been wildly underrepresented in leadership for so long. There were two important reasons why France was seen as a threat to England. 2002-2023 Tutor2u Limited. Catholic priests are first smuggled into England. Her arrival and ultimate house arrest were the result of her having to flee Scotland. Queen Elizabeth has confiscated large portions of land from the Earl of Northumberland and given it his main rivals in the north and south who were both Protestant. Elizabeth I - the last Tudor monarch - was born at Greenwich on 7 September 1533, the daughter of Henry VIII and his second wife, Anne Boleyn. The Netherlands had been part of the Spanish empire since the 1550s. Why was France a threat? A great threat was presented by Catholic opposition to Elizabeth's rule, but Mary's influence over this, and therefore the threat that she posed as an individual, may be called into question. If you would like to change your settings or withdraw consent at any time, the link to do so is in our privacy policy accessible from our home page.. - Leith blockade. You may use the following in your answer: France and Elizabeth's legitimacy (16 marks) 'Religion was the main cause of the . Mary became the inspiration for frequent revolts and rebellions, as it suddenly appeared possible that Elizabeth could be realistically replaced by a legitimate Catholic heir. Anyone refusing to pay poor rates could be imprisoned and officials failing to organise poor relief could be fined. Edward was born on 12 October 1537 in his mother's room inside Hampton Court Palace, in Middlesex. John White (another leading colonist) sailed back to England to report on the problems being experienced. The Northern Earls staged a rebellion (1569) centred around Mary, aiming to depose Elizabeth and crown Mary, raising tension between the two monarchs. The plan was that 130 ships (equipped with 2431 guns) would sail along the Channel to the Netherlands, where they would pick up 27,000 troops, led by the Duke of Parma. Before the rebel army was able to reach Tutbury, a large royal army forced them to retreat. This included: 1) the Act of Supremacy which stated that Elizabeth was Head of the Church, 2) the Act of Uniformity which set out expectations for church appearances and church services and 3) Royal Injunctions a set of instructions reinforcing the Acts of Supremacy and Uniformity. On the show, Francis has a tumultuous relationship with his wife, Mary, and their inability to conceive a child is a major source of conflict between them. In order to marry Anne Boleyn, Henry VIII had to divorce his first wife, Catherine of Aragon. This was important because it demonstrated the strength of Catholic feeling within England and highlighted how Elizabeth, after 11 years, was still vulnerable to English Catholics. Many expected a decisive battle between Henry II and Philip II. One last thing to consider was the fact that Elizabeth was unmarried and childless. In 1558, the same year Elizabeth became Queen of England, a number of By instinct, Elizabeth was a Here is a summary timeline of key events for students taking Early Elizabethan England (1558-88). 1534 Duke of Angoulme (third son of Francis I)c1542 A Prince of Portugal1543 Son of the Earl of Arran 1544 Prince Philip (Philip II) 1547 Sir Thomas Seymour 1552 Prince of Denmark 1553 Courtenay, Earl of Devonshire 1554 Philibert Emanuel, Duke of Savoy 1554 Prince of Denmark 1556 Prince Eric of Sweden 1556 Don Carlos (son of Philip II)1559 Philip II 1559 Prince Eric of Sweden 1559 Son of John Frederic, Duke of Saxony 1559 Sir William Pickering 1559 Earl of Arran 1559 Henry Fitzalan, Earl of Arundel 1559 Robert Dudley 1560 King Eric of Sweden 1560 Adolphus, Duke of Holstein 1560 King Charles IX 1560 Henry, Duke of Anjou 1566 Robert Dudley 1568 Archduke Charles 1570 Henry Duke of Anjou 1572- 1584 Francis, Duke of Alencon, later Anjou. Their union had brought peace between Spain and England, and Elizabeth's Privy Council hoped to maintain this. The rebellion involved a force of approximately 5500 men and, for approximately a month, the north of England (from Alnwick to Pontefract, east of the Pennines) was in the control of the northern earls. The plots to overthrow Elizabeth failed for a number of reasons such as: In 1568, the Queens Spymaster, Francis Walsingham used his spy network to prove that Mary had supported the Babington Plot. The problems arose as she ruled an isolated protestant kingdom surrounded by catholic superpowers. The Throckmorton plot was a conspiracy to assassinate Queen Elizabeth and replace her with Mary, Queen of Scots in 1583. Thereafter, up to 11,000 English Catholics were either arrested or placed under surveillance.